Content
The standard rose is an unusual ornamental plant that is a cross between a shrub and a tree. It’s easy to grow crops on your property; you just need to follow the basic rules.
History of origin
The exact history of the standard rose remains unknown. The plant first appeared in the 18th or 19th century. According to legend, the culture was invented by a royal gardener - he grafted a bud of a varietal rose onto an ordinary rose hip and got a tall standard shrub with beautiful and fragrant flowering. In England during the Romantic era, the plant gained wide popularity and was grown everywhere in gardens.
After some time, the demand for standard varieties faded away somewhat. However, then interest in culture was revived. Currently, standard varieties are grown both in Europe and America. In Russia, roses of this type are slightly less popular due to their low frost resistance.However, some varieties tolerate the weather conditions of the Moscow region and the middle zone well.
Description and types
The main difference between a standard rose and a regular one is that it has a strong, tall stem up to 2 m above the ground. The basis of the plant is ordinary rose hips. The rose is grafted onto the bush at the top and a lush crown with abundant flowering is obtained.
The leaves of the crop are dark green, matte or glossy, slightly oblong with a serrated edge. The buds can be either double or simple, depending on the variety. There are several main types of plants:
- Tall. Such standard roses reach 1.5-2 m above the ground and often have flexible long shoots that fall down.
Tall standard roses are usually grown on the basis of creeping varieties
- Full. The plants grow on average up to 1 m above the ground and are distinguished by straight, strong stems that form a rounded crown.
Full standard roses withstand winter cold well
- Half-standards. These varieties are bred from large-flowered floribunda roses.
Semi-standard roses grow to approximately 80 cm
- Short. Creeping small-flowered varieties are used as the basis for standard roses.
Low-growing standard roses reach 60-40 cm above the ground
Which variety to choose depends on individual requirements and preferences. It is necessary to take into account the characteristics of the site and the specific place where the crop is planted.
Advantages and disadvantages
Before planting a standard rose on your site, you need to study the pros and cons of the crop. The advantages include:
- attractive appearance;
- lush and abundant flowering;
- wide possibilities of application in landscape design.
At the same time, culture has its drawbacks. In particular:
- places high demands on care;
- needs careful pruning;
- does not tolerate transplantation well.
Ready-made seedlings on a standard are quite expensive. It is possible to grow a crop from scratch, but the grafting procedure can be quite complicated for beginners.
How to grow a standard rose yourself: step-by-step instructions
The easiest way to make a standard rose with your own hands is by planting a healthy, strong plant from a nursery. In order for the crop to take root well on the site, several conditions must be met.
Selection of seedlings
To grow a rose on a trunk yourself, you must first of all pay attention to choosing a good seedling. It is recommended to purchase planting material from a specialized nursery with a good reputation. This will allow you to be sure that the grafting on the standard is done with high quality and in compliance with all the rules.
When purchasing a plant, you need to pay attention to:
- on the diameter of the trunk - it should be 1-2 cm;
- on the condition of the shoots - a healthy seedling has light green branches, without traces of rot and wilting;
- on the quality of the trunk - the stem must be smooth and straight, without cracks or bends;
- on the number of vaccinations - it is desirable that there were at least two.
For planting, it is recommended to purchase two-year-old standard seedlings. Such plants take root well and begin to bloom quickly. It is better to choose a closed root system. In this case, the standard rose can be transferred to the ground along with the old earthen lump.
Landing dates
Planting roses on a trunk for care is usually carried out in early spring.During this period, seedlings develop quickly and well and do not suffer from heat or cold. The procedure must be carried out before the start of active growing season and bud break in the plant.
Planting standard roses in the fall is also allowed. This is done several weeks before the first frost so that the plant has time to take root in the soil. At the end of the season, the procedure is recommended to be carried out in the southern regions, where the weather is more predictable and cold weather rarely arrives before the beginning of November.
Site selection and soil preparation
It is recommended to grow roses on a trunk in a well-lit or slightly shaded area. It is best to plant the shrub on the south side on a small hill. It cannot be placed in lowlands; the roots will suffer from excess moisture. The plant needs to be provided with good ventilation, but at the same time take care of protection from cold drafts.
The soil for standard roses needs to be fertile, breathable, neutral or acidic in composition. The optimal value should be 6-7 pH. A few weeks before planting, it is recommended to dig up the area and, if necessary, add humus, peat and clean river sand to the soil.
Landing technology
To properly plant a standard rose in autumn or spring, you need to follow a simple algorithm. It looks like this:
- Holes are dug on the site according to the number of plants, about 60 cm deep.
- A drainage layer of expanded clay is laid at the bottom.
- Prepare a substrate from compost, turf and sand, taken in a ratio of 2:3:1, and fill the holes to approximately half.
- A day before planting, soak the roots of the seedling in a growth stimulator or pour the solution generously onto the earthen ball.
- On the selected day, plants are placed in the center of the prepared holes.
- In seedlings with an open root system, the feeding shoots are straightened to the sides, specimens with an earthen lump are transferred to the ground using the transshipment method.
- The root collar is deepened to 2-3 cm, and the trunk is slightly tilted at an angle of 45 degrees.
- On the side opposite to the slope, a wooden support is immediately installed and a standard is tied to it.
- Fill the hole with the remaining substrate and compact the soil.
After planting, the standard rose needs to be watered abundantly. After this, the soil is mulched with wood chips or sawdust so that the moisture evaporates more slowly.
When planting several standard roses, you need to leave at least 1 m of free space between them.
In order for the standard rose to take root in the area faster, it is advisable to wrap the crown of the seedling with moistened burlap for a week. Within a month after planting, the bush is shaded from the bright sun.
How to care for a standard rose
There are not many special features of growing a standard rose. In general, the plant requires standard care, almost the same as for bush varieties.
Watering and fertilizing
In the first two weeks after planting, the standard rose requires especially careful moisturizing. It needs to be watered daily or every other day so that a dry crust does not form on the surface of the earth. After engraftment, the intensity of hydration is reduced. Watering is carried out on average once every three days, 10-20 liters of warm, settled water are added to each tree. In rainy weather, you can refuse additional moisture.
To form a rose on a trunk yourself, you need to pay attention to regular feeding. Fertilizers are usually applied several times per season:
- in the spring, before the leaves bloom, the standard rose is watered with a solution of potassium salt and ammonium nitrate;
- at the beginning of flowering - the plant is supplied with complex minerals, you can use a ready-made liquid product;
- in September - before wintering, the crop is fed with phosphorus and potassium.
Also, throughout the summer, the plant on the trunk can be sprayed with Kemira Lux. The procedure is performed in warm and dry weather, but cloudy weather, so as not to cause burns on the leaves.
Loosening
In order for the standard rose to feel comfortable, the soil under the plant must be loosened shallowly after each watering. This will prevent the formation of a hard crust on the soil surface or improve air access to the roots. Simultaneously with loosening, weeding is carried out to remove weeds, which take away nutrients and moisture from the standard rose.
How to prune a standard rose
The plant needs to be trimmed twice a year - at the beginning and at the end of the season. Pruning a standard rose in the spring is mainly aimed at forming the crown. In hybrid tea varieties and floribunda, the shoots are shortened to five buds. In climbing varieties, young branches are slightly pruned, and stems that managed to bloom last year are completely eliminated.
In addition to the spring procedure, it is also necessary to prune the standard rose for the winter. Haircuts are performed for sanitary purposes. During the process, all broken, dried and immature branches are removed, and healthy ones are slightly shortened.
After the standard rose has grown a little after planting, you will need to replace the original support near its trunk with a permanent one. It is recommended to use a plastic or metal stake, as well as bamboo. The branches of the crown are carefully tied to the support, the trunk is fixed just below the grafting site.
Shelter for the winter
The standard rose is heat-loving and requires the creation of a good winter shelter. After the air temperature reaches 5 °C, you will need to untie the trunk from the support and dig up the plant on one side. The crown is carefully lowered onto a layer of spruce branches and covered with spunbond, and the base of the trunk is covered with earth.
If the winter is expected to be cold, you can install a frame structure over the top of the plant and additionally insulate the crop with agrofibre and polyethylene film. It is important to prepare for frosts at positive air temperatures, otherwise the trunk will break when bent.
It is necessary to remove the cover from the bush in April or early May, depending on the weather. The insulating structure is removed gradually so that the crop does not suffer from sudden changes in conditions.
Protection from diseases and pests
During cultivation, the crop must be carefully protected from fungal diseases and pests. The main dangers for her are:
- powdery mildew - with this disease, the leaves are covered with a dry whitish coating;
Powdery mildew affects standard roses in rainy and cold summers
- chlorosis - the disease develops on poor soil, the crop plates begin to turn yellow;
Complex fertilizing with mineral fertilizers helps eliminate chlorosis.
- aphids - insects most often attack young trees and feed on the sap of leaves.
For aphids, the standard rose is sprayed with a soap solution or Aktara preparation
To protect the crop from fungi, you need to carefully monitor the condition of the soil and avoid waterlogging.The tree must receive a sufficient amount of fresh air; when growing, thickening of the crown must be avoided. Bordeaux mixture and the drug Fitosporin help well against most fungi in the early stages.
Standard rose in landscape design
Standard roses look attractive on any summer cottage. Most often they are planted along paths and paths, forming low alleys. Plants are combined with conifers - thujas, low-growing pines and junipers. Geranium, lavender, ornamental grasses and sage are good neighbors for standard roses.
In artistic compositions, standard roses can be combined with bush varieties
When planting a crop in a summer cottage along with other perennials, it is important to choose the right color scheme. It is recommended to combine only 2-3 shades so that the rose garden does not look too colorful.
Conclusion
Standard roses require more careful care than bush varieties. But growing it in a summer cottage is quite easy if you follow the basic rules.
