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Single-headed chrysanthemum is a beautifully flowering crop bred for cultivation in open ground and in greenhouses. All varieties are suitable for forcing and cutting. They differ in color, flower shape and stem height.
Description of single-headed chrysanthemums
A distinctive feature of all varieties of the crop is large flowers and a long elastic stem.
Characteristics of single-headed chrysanthemums:
- grows in the form of a herbaceous shrub with erect peduncles;
- the length of the stems, depending on the variety, varies from 50 cm to 1 m;
- the structure of the shoots is plastic, the surface is often smooth, but sometimes ribbed;
- the flowers are large (up to 25 cm in diameter), of various colors, double or semi-double;
- leaves with wavy edges, long, alternately arranged;
- The root system is superficial, branched.
In greenhouse conditions, plants bloom at any time of the year.They are grown as annual seedlings.
Plants are used in floristry and ornamental gardening
Single-headed representatives of the culture are called frost-resistant. The seedlings have good resistance to infections. They are low maintenance.
Varieties of single-headed chrysanthemums
Among single-headed chrysanthemums, specimens with large flowers of various colors and shapes are popular. For cutting, tall or medium-sized plants with different flowering periods are cultivated.
Avignon
Avignon is a variety of single-headed chrysanthemums that belongs to the late-flowering variety. The cutting period occurs at the end of October.
The flowers of the single-headed variety Avignon are densely double, large, reaching a diameter of 15 cm
The shape is spherical, the petals are oblong with raised tips. The height of the plant does not exceed 80 cm. The bush is compact, densely leafy, with enhanced stem formation.
Depending on the variety, the color of the petals can be deep or light pink with a creamy center.
Safina
Safina is a variety of single-headed chrysanthemum obtained as a result of Dutch selection. The petals are needle-shaped, with different colors: closer to the center they are brown with a red tint, the ends are yellow or lemon. Flower diameter – 10-13 cm. Single-headed plant height – 75-80 cm. Blooms at the end of September.
Safina retains its presentation after cutting within 20 days
Magnum Yellow
Hybrid Magnum Yellow from Holland. It is classified as a new variety. The flowers of the single-headed variety are yellow, with a closed middle, spherical in shape, 25 cm in diameter. The bush is medium-sized, the stems reach a length of 65-70 cm.
Magnum Yellow flowering time is at the end of August
Tom Pierce
Tom Pearce is a variety of double, single-headed chrysanthemums with medium-sized spherical flowers (7-10 cm). The bush grows up to 60 cm in height. The single-headed crop is characterized by high winter hardiness. Flowering continues from late August to mid-September.
The lower part of the petals of the single-headed chrysanthemum Tom Pierce is painted yellow, and the inner part is dark orange or terracotta
Ping pong
The Ping Pong variety, popular among florists, is distinguished by small flowers (diameter 7 cm). The round shape resembles pinkish-white balls. The plant is tall, can reach 1.2 cm. Flowering of the single-headed crop begins in September-October.
The petals of representatives of the Ping Pong variety are short, with concave edges, and densely arranged.
Boula
The densely double chrysanthemum variety Bowl (Bowl) is characterized by abundant flowering, which begins at the end of August. The plant is compact, densely leafy, with numerous peduncles 85-90 cm high. The flowers are large, spherical, white in color with a greenish core, their diameter is 17-19 cm.
Boula retains its beauty after cutting for three weeks
Lyuba
The densely double variety of single-headed chrysanthemums Luba is distinguished by large flowers with a diameter of 20-22 cm. The color is dark burgundy or purple. Tall bush - 1 m and above. The flowering period begins in September and lasts 3 weeks.
The petals of representatives of the Lyuba variety are large, wide, and the shape of the flowers resembles dahlias
Planting and caring for single-headed chrysanthemums
Growing conditions are different for all climate zones. In the central zone, in the Urals or Siberia, the plant is cultivated in greenhouse conditions.Almost all varieties bloom later, so when grown in open ground, the flowers are damaged by the first frosts. In the South, the crop is grown for landscape decoration.
Selection and preparation of a landing site
All one-headed representatives of the culture are light-loving. If chrysanthemums are cultivated in greenhouse structures, additional lamps are installed so that the daylight hours are at least 15-16 hours. Particular attention is paid to temperature, since the plant does not respond well to sudden changes. The optimal indicator for growth is +25 0WITH.
In open areas, choose a sunny area without periodic shading, protected from the north wind. Chrysanthemum develops well only on fertile soils, light, drained, with a neutral reaction. In early spring, the area reserved for single-headed chrysanthemums is dug up, and organic matter and ash are scattered on top. Before planting, loosen the bed to a depth of 15 cm, apply complex fertilizers and water it abundantly.
Landing rules
The time for planting single-headed chrysanthemums depends on the purpose and method of cultivation. Plants are planted in closed structures throughout the year for forcing and subsequent cutting. From the moment the planting material is placed in the ground until flowering, it will take approximately 90 days. They are transferred to an open bed in the spring (May-June).
Planting is carried out taking into account the fact that the root system of single-headed chrysanthemums below 25 cm does not go deep, but branches well. When placing seedlings en masse, at least 40 cm is left between them.
Landing sequence:
- Make a weak solution of manganese, heat to +60 0C and water the prepared bed.
- In greenhouses, the planting recess should be 20-25 cm, in an open area - 30 cm, of which 10 cm is a drainage pad.
- Chrysanthemum planting material is installed vertically, the hole is covered with earth, and lightly compacted.
- The plant is watered and the root circle is covered with mulch.
- After planting, break off the top and remove all the green mass from the stem.
Watering and fertilizing
The requirements for caring for single-headed chrysanthemum at home, in open ground and in greenhouse structures are the same. The plant is moisture-loving, but at the same time does not respond well to stagnant water. Adjust watering according to precipitation. In the greenhouse, they monitor so that the soil does not dry out. Watering is carried out only at the root; sprinkling is not carried out for this type of crop.
To form large, lush inflorescences, single-headed chrysanthemums require feeding throughout the entire growing season:
- At the time of shoot formation, urea, nitrophoska or any nitrogen-based product is added to increase green mass.
The granules are embedded in the soil to a depth of 10-15 cm around the plant.
- In the second half of August, chrysanthemums are fertilized with Agricola or superphosphate, this promotes better formation of buds. Make a working solution and apply root feeding, carefully so that the liquid does not get on the stems or leaves.
- During the main flowering, potassium sulfate is added.
Reproduction of single-headed chrysanthemums
The varieties of single-headed chrysanthemums are mainly propagated by seeds, which are formed in the center of the tubular petals.There are varieties that have a different flower structure, so the plants are sterile.
Chrysanthemums placed in an open place are grown as perennials; in this case, the method of propagation by dividing a three-year-old bush is quite suitable. Events are carried out during any growing season, except flowering.
The main and most productive method of propagation is cuttings. For open ground, the material is harvested in the fall, placed in containers with soil and kept until spring at a temperature of +10-15 0C. In greenhouses, cuttings are placed in the garden immediately after harvesting.
Diseases and pests of single-headed chrysanthemums
Fungal infections very rarely affect single-headed chrysanthemums. When soil and air humidity are high, gray mold may occur. In greenhouses this phenomenon is rare, because the structures are constantly ventilated. In open areas, plants get sick during the rainy and cold seasons.
They get rid of the problem with the drug Topaz; the working solution treats not only the bush, but also the soil around it
When grown in a closed way, single-headed chrysanthemums are parasitized by aphids. Iskra helps to cope with it. Slugs may appear in open areas. They are effectively destroyed by Metaldehyde.
The effect of using the contact drug appears after 3 hours
Conclusion
Single-headed chrysanthemum is a tall hybrid variety created for cutting. The varieties are used not only in floristry, but also for landscape design. The crop is grown both in greenhouses and in open areas.
