Content
Growing and strawberry care in Siberia have their own characteristics. The weather conditions of the region establish certain requirements for planting rules, organization of watering, pruning of plants and other procedures. Increased attention is paid to the choice of varieties, arrangement of strawberries and plant nutrition. When following the rules of care, a high yield of berries is obtained.
Requirements for strawberry varieties for Siberia
For the regions of Siberia, certain varieties of strawberries are selected. The berry garden must meet the following conditions:
- increased resistance to frost in winter and cold snap in spring;
- the ability to grow quickly and produce crops;
- fruiting in short daylight conditions;
- resistance to fungal diseases, pests and rot;
- good taste.
Many varieties of strawberries for Siberia are distinguished by early or medium fruiting. No less in demand remontant varieties that can bear fruit from June until frost arrives. About 2 weeks pass between each collection of berries of remontant varieties.
Most strawberry varieties for Siberia were bred by domestic specialists. The plants are adapted to the conditions of this region and produce a good harvest.
The following varieties are most popular in Siberia:
- Darenka is an early strawberry that bears large sweet berries with sourness;
- Omskaya early - a variety bred specifically for the regions of Siberia, characterized by small sweetish fruits;
- Amulet is a dessert variety that produces a bountiful harvest;
- Tanyusha is another variety of strawberry adapted to Siberian conditions;
- Elizaveta Vtoraya is a remontant variety, distinguished by large fruits and long fruiting;
- Temptation – remontant strawberry with a nutmeg flavor.
Soil preparation
Strawberries prefer light sandy or loamy soils rich in organic fertilizers.
To prepare the soil before planting, you will need the following components:
- chernozem - 1 bucket;
- wood ash - 0.5 l;
- fertilizer containing a complex of useful substances – 30 g.
Good fertilizers for strawberries are compost, humus or rotted manure. For 1 sq. m of soil requires up to 20 kg of organic matter. Additionally, you can use superphosphate (30 g) and potassium chloride (15 g).
When growing remontant or large-fruited varieties, the fertilizer rate is doubled. Substances must be added according to the dosage to avoid an excess of minerals.
Strawberries do not tolerate highly acidic soils. This figure can be reduced by adding slaked lime (5 kg per hundred square meters).
Site selection
Strawberries require certain conditions that must be provided regardless of the region where they are grown.Plants require plenty of sunlight to bear fruit. Therefore, the beds are placed in such a way that they are not shaded by trees or buildings.
When choosing a place for planting in open ground, the rules of crop rotation are taken into account. It is not allowed to plant strawberries where eggplant, potatoes, tomatoes, cucumbers or cabbage previously grew. Good precursors for strawberries are: garlic, lek, beets, oats, and legumes.
When choosing a site, you need to take into account that Siberia is characterized by severe frosts. High snow cover serves as reliable protection for plants from freezing.
In spring, the snow begins to melt, resulting in the formation of numerous deep streams. If a spring flow hits a strawberry bed, it will have a detrimental effect on the plantings. As a result, you will have to equip a new area for the berry garden.
Landing rules
Proper planting will help ensure long-term fruiting of strawberries. Leave at least 25 cm between plants. Although in spring the seedlings take up little free space, they grow over the summer and form a powerful bush.
A distance of 0.8 m is left between the rows. This way you can avoid thickening of plantings and make caring for plants easier. Strawberries are grown in one bed for 3-4 years, after which a new plot is equipped for it.
Before planting strawberries, you need to dig holes and then water them well. land and wait until the moisture is absorbed. Fertilizer for plants is applied in the autumn, however, in the spring it is allowed to use humus and ash.
The seedlings are carefully placed in the holes so as not to damage their root system, which is covered with earth. After planting, the soil must be compacted. Then the strawberries are watered and covered with film for 10 days. This will protect the plants from cold weather and strengthen their roots.
Fertilizing strawberries
Strawberry fruiting largely depends on the supply of nutrients.
Caring for plants in order to saturate them with useful components requires several stages:
- spring processing;
- replenishment after the appearance of the ovary;
- post-harvest processing;
- autumn feeding.
In spring, strawberries are fertilized with bird droppings (0.2 kg), which are diluted in 10 liters of water. The solution is infused for a day, then the plants are watered at the roots.
Nitroammofoska is a complex fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. These microelements are responsible for the development of strawberries.
When the ovaries appear, you need to water the plants with mullein solution. To do this, rotted manure is used, which should sit for several days.
In summer, plants are provided with potassium, which is responsible for the taste of berries. This substance is contained in humus and ash. Humus (0.3 kg) is diluted with water (10 l), and then left for a day.
Ash is versatile fertilizer for strawberriescontaining a whole range of useful substances.It is embedded in the soil between planting rows or used as a solution. An additional effect of ash is to protect plants from pests.
In autumn, the main fertilizer for strawberries is mullein. Superphosphate or potassium sulfate is added to the solution based on it. The norm of mineral fertilizers per 10 liters of water is no more than 30 g.
Watering strawberries
To obtain a harvest, strawberries need to be watered regularly. Additionally, it is necessary to provide oxygen access to the plant roots. Therefore, another stage of care is loosening the soil.
The rate of incoming moisture is determined taking into account precipitation. In rainy weather, strawberries are covered with agrofilm during flowering and fruiting. This way you can protect your plantings from the spread of fungal diseases.
The level of soil moisture for strawberries depends on the type of soil. For sandy soil, moisture content should be about 70%, for clayey soil - about 80%.
Each plant requires up to 0.5 liters of water. After planting the strawberries, watering is carried out daily for 2 weeks. Then a break of 2-3 days is taken between procedures.
On average, strawberries are watered 1-2 times every week. Plants prefer a rare but plentiful supply of moisture. It is better to avoid frequent and scanty watering.
The water for watering strawberries should not be too cold. It can be left to stand in greenhouses or wait until it warms up in the sun.For a large number of plants, it is better to equip drip irrigation to ensure a uniform supply of moisture.
Mustache trimming
As the strawberry grows, it produces tendrils—long shoots that allow the plant to grow. By using the mustache you can get new seedlings. If you do not trim the shoots in a timely manner, this will lead to dense plantings and a decrease in yield.
It is recommended to remove excess shoots immediately, since strawberries spend a lot of vitality on them. Additionally, dry leaves and plant stems are removed. Only shoots that are planned to be used for seedlings are left.
Pruning of the mustache is done in the spring before flowering and in the fall, when the last harvest is harvested. For work, choose a dry day without wind, morning or evening. Strawberry shoots are trimmed with scissors or pruners.
Mulching the soil
Mulching creates a protective layer on the soil surface. Its additional function is to enrich the soil with nutrients.
To mulch strawberry plantings, you can choose an inorganic material - film, polyethylene or woven material. It is recommended to cover plants in Siberia in the spring to protect them from cold weather.
Organic mulch – straw, hay, sawdust – helps enrich the soil. This layer dries quickly after watering, which reduces the spread of rot on plants. Mulch becomes an obstacle to growth weed.
Mulching is done in the spring when the first strawberry ovaries appear. Plant stems often droop under the weight of the berries. The protective layer will protect the fruit from contamination.
For mulching in the fall, synthetic materials, straw, pine needles, and fallen leaves are used. This will keep the plants from freezing until snow cover appears. In spring, mulch will speed up the warming of the soil, which has a positive effect on the rate of ripening of berries.
Conclusion
For growing strawberries in Siberia mainly varieties bred for this region are used. Plants must remain resistant to low temperatures, ripen in a short time and provide good taste.
The conditions of Siberia can tolerate strong plants that receive regular watering and fertilizing. A sunny place is chosen for the berry garden, where there is no darkness and the likelihood of flooding with melt water. Particular attention is paid to mulching the soil and sheltering plants from frost and spring cold snaps.
