Content
White cabbage is considered one of the oldest vegetable crops. It began to be grown in the 20th century AD in Ancient Rome and Ancient Greece. But in those days the vegetable did not have heads. Cabbage appeared due to cross-pollination of biennial plants of the family.
Belarusian cabbage is a product of breeding work of Russian seed growers. The variety first became known in 1937. Many years have passed since then, but the popularity of the frost-resistant and productive variety has not fallen. On the contrary, new options have appeared - Belorusskaya 85, Belorusskaya 455 and other varieties. The article will give detailed characteristics and features of growing cabbage.
Description of the variety
White cabbage variety Belorusskaya 455 is a cold-resistant, light-loving vegetable crop. Seeds germinate at a temperature of +5 degrees. The plant easily tolerates frosts within -4 degrees.
To plant white cabbage, you need to choose an open place. This will ensure less damage by insects. In addition, with long daylight hours, an excellent harvest is formed.
A late-ripening variety of white cabbage.Heads of cabbage reach technical capacity in Belorusskaya 455 in 120-130 days, in Belorusskaya 85 a little more - 140-150 days from the moment of germination. The root system is weak, located in the top layer of soil at a distance of 25-30 cm. And the outer stalk itself does not exceed 10 cm.
Leaves and cabbage
- The Belorusskaya variety stands out for its large dark green outer leaves with a waxy coating. They are round-flat in shape with a smooth surface. The edges of the leaves have medium waviness. The veins are thin, almost invisible.
- The leaves forming the head of cabbage are light green and bleach by the time they are technically ripe. This is clearly visible when cut through cabbage. There is no space between the leaves, so the heads of cabbage are tight and dense. The heads of cabbage of this variety are so tight that hail cannot penetrate them.
- According to the description of the Belorusskaya cabbage variety, the rosette is raised above the ground, semi-spreading, reaching a diameter of 90 cm. This must be taken into account when planting seedlings in open ground. Belarusian cabbage quickly sets heads at a temperature of 20-25 degrees.
In the heat of July, when the air temperature is above 30 degrees, the formation of heads of cabbage slows down. - During this period, you need to install a sprinkler over the cabbage beds to cool the soil and air around the plants.
- The weight of heads of cabbage variety Belorusskaya 455 reaches 4-4.5 kg, and if agricultural standards are observed, it can be even higher. The yield of the variety per square meter is about 8 kg. Cabbage variety Belorusskaya 85 is less productive, the weight of heads is from 2.4 to 3 kg. The taste of both types is excellent.
Characteristics
Whatever variety of vegetable crops is considered, there are always pros and cons.
Positive sides
Based on the description of Belarusian cabbage, gardeners highlight the advantages of the variety, as they write in reviews:
- High yield.
- Excellent taste properties of cabbage, versatility of use.
- Dense heads of cabbage do not crack even at technical ripeness.
- Excellent transportability.
- This is not a hybrid, so you can get your own seeds if you wish.
Flaws
If we talk about the disadvantages of the Belorusskaya cabbage variety, it is rather a weak immunity to diseases such as clubroot and vascular bacteriosis.
Of the minuses it should be noted:
- Pests love her;
- requires abundant watering;
- does not tolerate transplantation well.
Despite its shortcomings, Belarusian cabbage is loved for its excellent taste and beneficial properties.
Growing seedlings
To get a good harvest, Belorusskaya cabbage seeds are sown in mid-May. This sowing period allows you to obtain heads of cabbage suitable for processing and storage. To obtain an earlier harvest of white cabbage, you can sow some of the seeds in early May.
Before sowing, planting material is not soaked. But it won’t hurt to treat it in a pink solution of potassium permanganate. The seeds of the variety are sown in fertile soil, previously filled with boiling water, to a depth of no more than 1 cm.
Shoots appear promptly on the 4th or 7th day. You need to immediately provide the seedlings with optimal lighting, otherwise the Belarusian cabbage will stretch out, which has a negative effect on the yield.
You can sow cabbage seeds in a nursery or directly in separate containers, so as not to dive. In this case, 2-3 seeds are placed in each glass. When the plants grow up, leave one, the strongest seedling.
Landing in the ground
Belarusian cabbage is planted from the nursery in mid-June. Healthy seedlings should have a thick and strong root slightly thicker than a pencil and 5-6 leaves.
Plants are planted on loamy, well-fertilized soil in an open area. If you suspect it is highly acidic, add wood ash before digging.
The best location for cabbage beds is from north to south so that each plant receives enough heat and light. Planting is done in the late afternoon so that the seedlings have time to cope with stress before sunrise. If it rains, you can plant Belorusskaya cabbage seedlings during the day.
Cabbage variety Belorusskaya 455 is planted on medium-height beds in two rows. The distance between the ridges should be at least 50 cm. The holes are made according to the 50x50 pattern. A smaller distance will result in overlapping leaves.
The plant is lowered into moist soil up to the first leaves, the soil is squeezed well and watered. If hot weather is expected the next day, it is advisable to shade the plantings for two days.
Features of care in the ground
Caring for the Belorusskaya variety of white cabbage is simple, and novice gardeners can handle it. But we will still pay attention to some points.
Watering requirements
White cabbage Belarusian is demanding not only on fertile soils, but also on watering. The root system should always be moist.
- It is better to water in the late afternoon, when the sun's rays do not burn the plants.
- In the first days, the procedure is repeated daily. One root needs 2 liters of water. The soil is not loosened for seven days after planting.This is then done before watering so that the water penetrates faster to the root system.
- Stop watering white cabbage of the Belorusskaya variety 10 days before cutting the heads.
Weeding and loosening
During the season, remove and weeds. After all, they are the breeding grounds for diseases and pests.
Constantly weeding cabbage will help get rid of weeds and allow you to immediately notice pests.
Top dressing
As for fertilizing, it is carried out in the same way as for other varieties. The most commonly used infusions are mullein, chicken manure, and fermented herbs. White cabbage of the Belarusian variety responds well to foliar feeding with ammonia and iodine. Once a week, it is advisable to sprinkle the plants with wood ash.
Pest Control
The description indicated that the Belorusskaya variety is especially loved by insects. Frequent guests are midges and caterpillars. You can get rid of them using a soap solution. They spray the cabbage with it and dust it with dry ash on top.
To get rid of caterpillars, special means are used. Cabbage is processed in the late afternoon in dry, windless weather.
Caterpillars are the “children” of the cabbage butterfly. She is afraid of the smell of marigolds. These flowers are planted between cabbage seedlings. The smell of valerian repels the butterfly. This medicine (vial) is diluted in half a bucket and sprayed on the plantings.
Disease Prevention
Since the Belorusskaya variety is often affected by clubroot, it needs to be planted in a new place every year. In the fall, after harvesting, cabbage roots should never be placed in a compost heap. Even if there are no signs of disease, all cabbage remains are destroyed.
The Belorusskaya 455 variety has low immunity to vascular bacteriosis.This disease is popularly called black rot. You can notice it by the black veins.
Another problem is wet rot, which appears when plants are affected by vascular bacteriosis. Having noticed a disease, the plants need to be pulled out and destroyed.
Harvesting
Technical ripeness of the variety occurs in late September or early October. As we have already said, watering stops within two weeks. Felling begins on a sunny day after lunch, so that the sun eats up the frost or dew. The chopped cabbage is laid out on the floor to dry, and then put away for storage.
You immediately need to decide how the chopped cabbage will be used. If it is intended for winter storage, then when cutting it, leave a long stalk. For it, the head of cabbage is hung in the cellar or basement. All other forks are cut down without an external stump. Here they are, these handsome heads of cabbage, in the photo!
