Content
The Bessemyanka Michurinskaya apple tree is one of the unpretentious autumn varieties that produces good harvests. The fruits of this tree tolerate transportation and wintering well and are suitable for consumption raw, as well as for subsequent processing.
History of selection
The Bessemyanka Michurinskaya apple tree variety was developed by the Russian biologist-breeder Ivan Vladimirovich Michurin in 1913 as a result of crossing the Bessemyanka Komsinskaya and Skryzhapel varieties. The scientist set himself the goal of obtaining a variety that is resistant to cultivation in regions with a cold climate, in conditions of frequent snowstorms and winds. 8 years after receiving the seedling, we managed to grow the first aromatic fruits with tasty sweet and sour pulp.
Apple tree Bessemyanka Michurinskaya - an environmentally sustainable and high-yielding variety
Description of the apple tree variety Bessemyanka Michurinskaya with photo
The apple tree variety Bessemyanka Michurinskaya quickly became widespread.The plant is suitable for growing in small private plots, as well as in industrial plantings.
Appearance of fruit and tree
An adult fruit-bearing tree is average or above average in height, distinguished by a few powerful branches. The crown of young trees is oval, becoming wide and round over time.
Description of the Bessemyanka Michurinskaya apple tree:
- branches are thick, not long, without pubescence;
- bark color - light brown;
- the leaves are slightly wrinkled, with the edge turned up, dark emerald color;
- the stalks are thick and round.
The fruits are medium-sized (weighing up to 160 g), roundish, slightly flattened in the center. The skin is green-yellow, with red stripes, and covered with a waxy coating.
From the side where the apples are intensely illuminated by the sun, bright red spots can often be seen. The seed nest of the fruit has the shape of a bulb, the chambers are closed, with 1-2 seeds, or without them at all.
Lifespan
An apple tree of the Bessemyanka Michurinskaya variety planted on a hill in a suitable climatic zone can live for more than 75 years. The main condition for the longevity of a fruit tree is proper timely care:
- fertilizer replenishment;
- pruning;
- watering;
- loosening the soil;
- removing weeds.
Taste
The pulp of ripe fruits of the Bessemyanka Michurinskaya apple tree has a creamy tint and tastes sweet and sour. Apples are very juicy, aromatic, rich in vitamin C (20-21 mg per 100 g of pulp). The total amount of sugars in ripe fruits is about 11%, acids - 0.7%.
The fruits of Bessemyanka Michurinskaya are green-yellow, with crimson spots on one side flowing into stripes on the other
Growing regions
Seedless Michurinskaya is mainly grown in the Central and North-Western regions of Russia, as well as in the East of Siberia.The tree is not afraid of winds, storms and frosts thanks to the varietal feature - the durable wood of the branches and trunk.
Productivity
The variety is characterized by high yield - up to 120 kg of fruits from 1 adult tree annually, despite the increased shedding during the ripening period. To protect themselves from losses associated with spoilage of apples, it is important for gardeners to collect them before mid-September, without waiting for overripeness.
Frost resistance
This apple tree variety is resistant to cold and frost, tolerates wintering well, and temperature changes in winter and at night. Additional insulation for Bessemyanka Michurinskaya is not required.
Resistance to diseases and pests
The variety is resistant to pests and fungal diseases, in particular scab. To strengthen immunity, it is recommended to carry out annual preventive spraying and feeding with insecticides: copper sulfate, Inta-Vir.
Flowering period and ripening period
The fruiting plant is covered with a scattering of soft pink flowers between mid-May and mid-June. Next begins the stage of fruit formation and ripening. You can harvest the harvest from the second mid-September, without waiting for the fruits to begin to fall on their own.
Pollinators
Bessemyanka Michurinskaya is a self-sterile variety. To get a good harvest, you need to plant pollinating apple trees near this tree, for example: Melba, Annis, Ottawa varieties.
Transportation and keeping quality
The fruits have a strong skin and firm pulp, are easily transported and stored in cool storage for 4 months (provided that the apples were carefully picked, the skin is intact, without damage).
Advantages and disadvantages
The only drawback of the variety is the high shedding of fruits during ripening. Despite this, a good harvest is usually harvested from Bessemyanka Michurinskaya.
During ripening, the fruits of Bessemyanka fall off greatly
Advantages of the variety:
- environmental sustainability;
- high yield - up to 220-230 kg of apples per tree;
- good commercial quality of fruits.
The fruits withstand transportation well, have an attractive appearance and excellent taste. Apples of this variety are suitable for consumption raw, as well as for further processing into jams, preserves, compotes, and drying.
Landing
It is recommended to plant Bessemyanka in early autumn or mid-spring. Before the onset of cold weather, a tree of this variety must take root and strengthen - only in this case will it be able to survive the winter. The plant develops well in elevated sunny areas, away from groundwater. The soil should be light, air- and water-tight, for example sandstone or loam.
Planting stages:
- Before planting Bessemyanka Michurinskaya, you need to prepare a hole up to 80 cm deep, 1 m wide, and an organic mineral mixture is placed on its bottom.
- The top layer of soil must be mixed with fertilizers, and this mixture must be filled with a seedling placed in the center of the hole along with a peg for support.
- Along the perimeter of the hole, sides should be formed from the earth, which will allow moisture to be retained at the planting site.
- The planting site is watered abundantly.
It is recommended to mulch the ground around the seedling with sawdust or manure - this will help keep the root system from drying out and freezing, and will also protect against the active growth of weeds.
Growing and care
After planting a seedling of Bessemyanka Michurinskaya, it is recommended to regularly loosen the top layer of soil in the area of the trunk circle - this is necessary to improve air exchange and the passage of moisture to the root system. Loosening is carried out the day after watering, when the moisture has already been absorbed and the soil has not had time to dry out.
Tree care includes:
- Pruning is done in the fall (remove old, dry, damaged shoots), as well as in the spring (formation of the crown, starting from the 4th year after planting).
- Watering in the warm season (for an adult tree, 1 bucket of water at room temperature once every 2 weeks is enough).
- Removing weeds.
- Fertilizing with organic fertilizers in late autumn.
- Feeding with mineral fertilizers (nitrogen-containing - in early spring; phosphorus-potassium - once every 3 weeks from the moment the buds appear until the fruit begins to form).
- Foliar feeding, spraying the crown with microelements.
Although the Bessemyanka Michurinskaya apple tree is resistant to fungal diseases and scab, it is recommended to carry out preventive spraying of this tree with insecticides and fungicides 2-3 times a season. This will prevent the appearance of fruit pests: leaf roller, weevil, fruit mite.
Collection and storage
In September, apples are ready for picking, after which they can be stored in a cellar or a specially equipped cool fruit storage facility for 3.5 months. It is important to start harvesting in a timely manner - before the fruits begin to fall off.Apples should be picked with the stem intact, carefully placed in a prepared container, and not thrown or beaten.
Ripe fruits of Bessemyanka Michurinskaya are stored in a cool room for up to 4 months
It is advisable to set aside fallen fruits separately. They should be used first, since they last less than those picked from the tree.
Conclusion
The Bessemyanka Michurinskaya apple tree was involved in the development of 12 new highly adaptive and environmentally sustainable varieties. In addition, this species is very popular in domestic gardening.
The aromatic, sweet and sour fruits of the seedless fruit with a wine aftertaste are actively used for processing, as well as for fresh consumption in the autumn-winter period. High yield, transportation and keeping quality indicators indicate that this variety is one of the most successful breeding experiments of the famous Michurin I.V.
