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Fruit trees are associated with warm climates, but some of them can grow in almost any weather and environmental conditions. The Altai plum is a prime example of such a tree.
History of variety selection
The Altai Jubilee variety belongs to the category of quite old: it was bred in Altai back in the mid-70s, and in 1974 an entry about it appeared in the State Register. The ancestors of the domestic Jubilee were Immune plum and Manchurian Prune.
Description of the Altai Jubilee plum variety
Altai jubilee plum is a medium-tall fruit tree that can reach 3 m in height. The branches of homemade Yubileiny are dark, brownish-gray, rather thick, covered with slightly curved pale green leaves without edges on the surface.
The shape of the crown is back pyramidal, and since the tree does not have many branches, the density of the crown remains at an average level. The home plum blossoms with large white flowers, 3 from each bud, and an interesting feature is that the flowers appear on the branches earlier than the leaves.
It is very easy to recognize the fruits of the yellow Altai plum. They are almost round in shape, with a pronounced groove, and in color they are yellow, with an orange tint and a characteristic soft scarlet “blush”. The wax coating is clearly visible on the skin. One fruit weighs on average about 15 g.
The Altai Yubileiny variety is grown throughout the country, in almost all climatic zones. It is recommended for planting in the Urals, in the northern regions of Kazakhstan, in Western and Eastern Siberia. This is precisely where its main value lies: home-grown Jubilee perfectly tolerates harsh conditions and bears fruit even in cold regions.
Characteristics of the variety
You can understand how well home-grown Yubileynaya will take root in a specific summer cottage from the detailed characteristics of the variety.
Drought resistance, frost resistance
One of the weak points of the Altai Jubilee is its poor adaptability to dry conditions. Yellow plum does not react well to stagnant water in the soil, but it loves moisture. If there is no rain for a long time, you must pour 2-3 buckets of water under the tree trunk every 10-12 days. In addition, additional watering is organized three times a year during the most important periods for yellow plums: before flowering, after flowering and during the fruiting season.
If the yellow plum does not tolerate drought well, then its frost resistance is very high - and this is one of the strengths of the variety.Despite the fact that in Siberia winter frosts often exceed -30 degrees and spring frosts are not uncommon, this does not in any way affect the health of the Altai Jubilee and its ability to bear fruit.
Pollinators of Altai Jubilee plum
The yellow plum is not capable of self-pollination - in other words, if you do not plant fruit trees with similar flowering periods near the home Jubilee, you may not expect high yields. There is one caveat: the yellow plum blooms early, and accordingly, not just any pollinators are suitable for it.
The best options would be:
- Plum Chemalskaya - the tree blooms in early May and bears fruit in early July. The variety belongs to the category of frost-resistant, so it is well suited for planting in the vicinity of Yubileinaya.
- Plum Katunskaya - early flowering, with fruiting in mid-August. It also has good winter hardiness and is suitable for growing in northern regions.
- Plum Memory of Plutov - dark plum with early May flowering and fruiting in mid-August. Resistance to low temperatures is good - the variety will take root without problems next to the Altai Jubilee in a harsh climate.
Productivity and fruiting
Home plum begins to bear the first fruits only in the 3rd or 4th year of life, if the seedling was an annual tree. However, the harvest cannot be harvested every year, since the variety belongs to the irregular category.
Domestic Yubileinaya plums ripen in the middle or end of August.
Area of application of berries
Unfortunately, the fruits of homegrown Jubilee are not suitable for transportation - they can only be consumed immediately after collection. But this does not prevent gardeners from eating fresh yellow plums of this variety, making preserves and compotes from them, preparing jams and adding the pulp to baked goods.
Resistance to diseases and pests
Homemade plums do not have very high immunity to diseases and insect pests characteristic of plums.
Frequent ailments of the Altai Anniversary:
- chlorosis — the disease appears from excess lime in the soil;
- rust - unhealthy yellow spots appear on the green leaves of Altai Jubilee;
- dwarfism - the tree refuses to grow normally, its leaves become smaller, development slows down, the plum may completely wither;
- gum therapy - the bark of a frozen or over-fertilized yellow plum begins to exude resin, which becomes a habitat for pathogenic bacteria.
In addition, the yellow house Jubilee is often affected by seed eaters and aphids.
Advantages and disadvantages of the variety
If we summarize all the information known about the yellow Altai jubilee plum, we can highlight the following advantages:
- increased frost resistance - yellow plum is recommended for cultivation even in very harsh climate regions;
- abundant fruiting;
- wonderful taste of the fruit.
However, the yellow plum also has its drawbacks. These include:
- poor tolerance to drought;
- the need to plant pollinators in close proximity to the yellow plum tree;
- poor resistance to pests and diseases;
- the inability to transport the fruits of domestic Jubilee over long distances.
Altai Jubilee can hardly be called an easy-to-grow variety, although the fruits it produces are very tasty and beautiful.
Planting and caring for the Altai Jubilee plum
To better understand whether it is worth purchasing a seedling, you need to familiarize yourself with the features of caring for plums of this variety.
Recommended timing
It is allowed to plant Altai Jubilee in the ground both in late spring and early autumn - including in Siberia and the Urals.
Choosing a suitable location
Yellow Altai plum loves sun and fresh air. It is best to plant yellow plum on the south or west side. The homemade Jubilee is afraid of stagnant moisture in the soil, so loam is optimal for growing.
What crops can and cannot be planted nearby?
- The best neighbors for yellow plums are apple trees.
- Black currants also take root near the home Yubileiny, and decorative flowers can be planted in the shade of yellow plums.
- But it is better to place the pears at a distance.
Selection and preparation of planting material
The main requirement for a seedling of the domestic Yubileynaya variety is healthy, strong roots. For planting, it is recommended to select a one-year or two-year-old seedling, about 1.5 m high.
Landing algorithm
- For the Altai Jubilee they dig a hole half a meter deep.
- Fertilizers are placed at the bottom - lime, potassium, organic manure and superphosphate, mixed with soil.
- The tree is placed in the middle of the hole and the roots are sprinkled with soil, leaving the root collar above the surface.
- The soil around the trunk is compacted, properly watered and mulched.
Aftercare for plums
- For homemade yellow plums, quality watering is extremely important. About 2-3 buckets are poured under the trunk immediately after planting, then before flowering, after it and during ripening. You can’t over-moisten the soil: the yellow house Jubilee doesn’t like it.
- Sanitary pruning for the domestic Yubileynaya variety is carried out at least once a year, and more often if necessary.
- Fertilizers applied during planting are enough for the first 3 years of growth. After the homemade Jubilee bears its first harvest, it will need to be fed with organic matter and ash. In the spring, the soil around the trunk can be fertilized with nitrogen, and in the fall - with mixtures containing fluorine.
Before the onset of winter, the Altai Jubilee needs to be watered again, fluoride-containing fertilizers must be applied, and the soil around the trunk should be covered with spruce branches or agrofibre. The domestic variety Yubileinaya does not tolerate damping off well and with heavy snowfall, and then may suffer during the melting process.
Also, for the winter, the trunk can be wrapped in roofing felt: the Altai Jubilee tree tolerates frost well, but the covering will protect the yellow plum from rodents.
Diseases and pests, methods of control and prevention
The main enemies of the yellow plum are considered to be chlorosis, dwarfism, and gum disease.
- The first disease occurs due to poor soil composition, more precisely, due to the increased lime content. There is only one way out - to transplant the home Jubilee.
- Pruning, Bordeaux mixture and special preparations help against gum disease and dwarfism.
- The scourge of the variety is aphids and seed eaters. To combat them, special compounds are used, for example, Lepidocid and Actellik.
Conclusion
Altai plum is a frost-resistant, but capricious fruit tree. The variety requires careful care, although if you follow the rules, homemade Yubileiny will delight you with juicy fruits.
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