Content
Voronezh bush peach belongs to the mid-early ripening period. This is a heat-loving plant, but tolerates low temperatures well and is practically not affected by pests. The plant is compact, does not take up much space on the site, is unpretentious in care with bright, aromatic fruits.
History of variety selection
The Voronezh bush peach is the result of amateur selection. The culture comes from China, so in the Russian Federation it can grow in areas with a warm climate. Bred for areas with moderate temperatures. By grafting the rootstock of an ordinary breugnon (seeds attached to the pulp) to the cherry plum, a new variety was obtained with the taste and characteristics of the peach, and the ability to withstand low temperatures from the cherry plum.
Description of Voronezh bush peach
The variety is classified as mid-season. The plant is low, formed in the form of a bush, the central trunk does not exceed 0.5 m.A variety of the crop is the columnar peach, presented in the video. A compact tree up to 1.8 m high, convenient for harvesting and care.
Peach trunks are dark brown and flexible. The leaves are oblong in shape, light green in color, and have subtle small teeth along the edge. The fruit shoots of the variety are thin, elastic, non-fragile, and have the same color as the main trunk. The peach blooms profusely with large pale pink flowers, each of which produces ovaries.
Description of the Voronezh bush peach fruit:
- medium-sized round shape, weighing up to 115 g, the columnar fruit is larger, up to 180 g;
- The peach pulp is dark yellow, porous, juicy;
- the skin is thin with slight short hair, hard;
- the fruits of the variety at the stage of technical ripeness are yellow-green in color, in biological ripeness, bright orange with a dark burgundy side;
- The variety belongs to brugnons; the large stone does not separate from the pulp.
Characteristics of the variety
A feature of the peach is its endurance and ability to bear fruit in the second year after planting. When pruned correctly, the shrub does not take up much space on the site and is not afraid of pests.
Drought and frost resistance
The Voronezh bush variety is genetically predisposed to tolerate high temperatures without constant watering. Feels comfortable all day long in direct sunlight. The more ultraviolet radiation, the sweeter the fruit.Like any plant, moderate watering is necessary; at high humidity, the crop loses some of its ovaries.
The “Voronezh bush” peach is a winter-hardy variety created specifically for Central Russia. Tolerates frosts of -35 °C; if the root system freezes, it is completely restored in the spring. To prevent the death of the plant, “Voronezh Bush” takes shelter for the winter.
Does the variety need pollinators?
Peach has bisexual flowers - the variety does not need pollinators. When placing on a site, it is necessary to take into account that the bush will not produce a harvest if a tall fruit tree grows nearby. The crown will become an obstacle to the penetration of solar heat and light.
Productivity and fruiting
According to the description of the variety, the Voronezh peach is a mid-early crop; harvesting takes place in the middle or end of September, depending on the weather. Fruits abundantly due to self-pollination. What makes this variety attractive is its ability to produce a harvest the following year after planting. On average, 20–30 kg of fruits are harvested from one tree. It contains more glucose than acids, so the taste of the variety is sweet with slight sourness and the aroma inherent in the culture. The peach is tightly attached to the stalk, so when it reaches biological ripeness, the fruit does not fall off.
Area of application of fruits
Due to its compactness and high yield, the Voronezh Bush variety is grown on personal plots and on farms. Mostly consumed fresh. The peach is stored without losing its taste and aroma for up to 6 days and tolerates transportation well. At home, it is suitable for preparing preparations for the winter: compote, jam.Industrial cultivation of peach is carried out for the purpose of supplying it to the retail chain and obtaining mash for juice.
Resistance to diseases and pests
The fruit is immune-adapted to temperate climate conditions. Most infections and garden pests that affect crop varieties in southern latitudes are not dangerous for the Voronezh bush peach. Fungal diseases infect the plant if the humidity level is exceeded. For this reason, the spread of aphids is possible.
Advantages and disadvantages of the variety
The advantage of Voronezh Bush is:
- low temperature tolerance;
- complete recovery after freezing;
- productivity;
- self-pollinating;
- compactness of the bush;
- resistance to fungal diseases: clasterosporiosis, powdery mildew;
- high assessment of taste;
- well stored and transported.
Disadvantages include the need for shelter for the winter, constant pruning, and poor separation of the pit from the pulp.
Planting Voronezh peach
To obtain a strong plant that can produce a good harvest, you must follow the recommendations for planting the Voronezh Kustovoy peach variety.
Recommended timing
Fruit seedlings can be planted in spring and autumn. The timing will be different for each climate zone. To prevent seedlings from freezing, autumn planting in the Central and Volga-Vyatka region is carried out in the first ten days of October. In high-risk areas (Far East, Ural, Siberia), activities should be postponed to spring so that the root system has time to develop during the summer season.
Choosing a suitable location
This peach variety is a heat-loving, drought-resistant plant that requires a sufficient amount of light. Therefore, the bush is placed in an open place on the south side.Suitable soils for planting: medium loamy with satisfactory moisture and air exchange, neutral, slightly alkaline. It is necessary to avoid excessive calcium content in the soil.
Selection and preparation of planting material
You can plant Voronezh bush peach using seedlings with varietal rootstock purchased in specialized stores. The main requirement for a plant is that there must be at least three branches forming the future bush. The bark is smooth, without damage, light green in color, the roots are without dry fragments.
You can grow seedlings yourself from seeds. For regions with cold climates, this method is the most suitable. The peach pit contains all the varietal characteristics that will be passed on to the future bush. They are planted at the end of September, and sprouts will appear at the beginning of May next year. After 12 months, the plant, together with the earthen ball, is transferred to the designated place.
Landing algorithm
Before planting peach, it is necessary to loosen the soil and remove weeds. The following actions are required:
- Dig a landing hole 0.5 meters down and 50 cm in diameter.
- Drainage in the form of fine gravel is placed at the bottom.
- Place soil mixed with organic matter and 1 kg of wood ash on top.
- The root ball of the seedling is installed vertically, covered with soil, and watered abundantly.
Immediately after placement in the ground, the Voronezh bush peach is cut off - shoots no longer than 25 cm should remain above the ground.
Peach aftercare
After planting, the Voronezh bush peach requires standard care. It is recommended to carry out the first fertilizing before flowering. Suitable preparations: “Agricola for berry crops” and “Energen”. The second feeding is during flowering with potassium sulfate.Before the buds appear, the bush is watered 2 times a week. Then watering is reduced to once every 14 days.
Particular attention is paid to peach pruning. Work on the formation of the bush is carried out immediately after planting, then every year in the spring. Peach bears fruit on last year's strong growths and for 2 years on bouquet branches. This factor is taken into account when forming the crown. Select 4 strong branches, focusing on the highest, cut within 1.5 m, branch the trunk and remove excess branches.
If the Voronezh peach is grown in a region with cold winters, it needs shelter from freezing. The branches of the plant are flexible, they can be easily bent towards the ground and secured with pins. They cover from above. To protect the peach from rodents, it is recommended to wrap the trunk with thick fabric about 20 cm from the ground.
Diseases and pests, methods of control and prevention
Diseases and garden parasites can slow down the growing season and affect fruiting:
- In early and mid-summer, the main pest of the Voronezh bush variety is aphids. The insect damages young shoot tips. It is recommended to treat the peach with Iskra DE as a preventive measure at the moment the first leaves appear.
- Foliage may be damaged by fungus. Visually, dotted bulges appear on the leaf, and then holes and perforated spots appear in their place. Treat the bush with preparations containing copper, for example, “Hom”. For preventive purposes in the spring, the trunk and branches are whitened with lime and copper sulfate: 1:2.
- The most common fungal infection in Voronezh bush peach is leaf curl.Large bumps are formed on them, colored dark burgundy. To eliminate the cause, it is necessary to use copper-containing herbicides.
These are possible options, they are rare due to the high resistance of the Voronezh bush peach to diseases and pests.
Conclusion
Voronezh bush peach is a selection crop bred for cultivation in temperate climates. The variety differs from representatives of its species in its frost resistance and drought resistance. It has strong immunity against fungal infections, is rarely affected by pests, and is suitable for cultivation on an industrial scale.
When does the peach blossom?