Content
Apricot is a medium-sized fruit tree, common in the southern regions of Russia. In the middle zone, such a plant began to be grown recently, after the emergence of species resistant to negative factors. Description of the apricot variety Orlovchanin will help in growing a hybrid fruit crop.
History of selection
Orlovchanin is a relatively new variety of apricots. He was removed in 2000. Initially, the variety was intended for cultivation in the central black earth region, which covers the Voronezh, Kursk, Oryol, Tambov and Lipetsk regions. Subsequently, apricot was grown for experimental purposes in Siberia, where it showed resistance to low temperatures.
The variety was bred by a group of specialists from the All-Russian Research Institute for Breeding Fruit Crops, which is located in the Oryol region.In 2006, the variety was included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements.
Description of the variety
Orlovchanin apricot trees are medium-sized. The plant is highly branched, with a dense spreading crown. The shoots are brown in color, without growths. The foliage is large, ovoid, smooth, without hairs.
The average height of Orlovchanin apricots is 2.5 m
Apricot Orlovchanin is a high-yielding variety. The fruits are round, less often oval, yellow in color. Some have a slight reddish tint. Pubescence is weak. The average weight of one fruit is 33 g.
The pulp inside is bright yellow, mealy, without hard veins. The fruit tastes sweet and sour. The stone is easily separated from the pulp.
Characteristics
Oryol, like any other type of apricot, has a set of specific properties and qualities. These characteristics reflect the variety and are taken into account when planting and growing the crop.
Drought resistance, winter hardiness
Apricot is a fruit crop that is most often grown in southern countries, where precipitation is irregular and air temperatures are high. This explains the plant's resistance to drought. The Orlovchanin variety is resistant to long-term lack of watering. The condition of the fruit tree and yield are not affected by the frequency of precipitation.
Sudden temperature changes are also not scary for the Orlovchanin apricot. Adult plants can withstand frost down to -35 degrees. Young specimens are sensitive to cold, so they need shelter in the first year after planting in the ground.
Apricot pollinators Orlovchanin
The need for pollinator plants depends on whether the variety is self-fertile or not. This is especially true for fruit crops, whose productivity directly depends on additional pollination.
The Orlovchanin variety is partially self-fertile. Without pollination, the plant produces a harvest, but it is less abundant. Self-pollination of the crop can be hindered by the influence of unfavorable weather conditions.
To ensure a high yield, the following varieties are planted next to Oryol:
- Tsunami;
- Pineapple;
- Gold Rich;
- Airlie Orange;
- Kyoto;
- Mlievsky early.
Any type of apricot can act as a pollinator. The main requirement is that their flowering period must coincide with Oryol.
Flowering period and ripening time
Budding occurs at the end of March. Flowering begins towards mid-April. The average duration is 2 weeks. The flowers are five-petaled, white with a yellow center, up to 2 cm in diameter.
Flowering dates may shift due to unfavorable climatic conditions
Variety Orlovchanin of medium ripening period. Harvesting usually takes place in mid to late June.
Productivity, fruiting
The Orlovchanin apricot begins to bear fruit 3-4 years after the seedling is planted in the ground. The productivity of the variety is very high. The plant bears fruit abundantly every year, subject to cultivation technology.
From 20 to 60 kg of fruits are collected from 1 tree. The main factor influencing the yield is whether the Orlovchanin apricot is pollinated or not.
Area of application of fruits
The harvested crop is suitable for various purposes. The fruits have a pleasant taste, so they are consumed fresh. Apricots tolerate heat treatment well; they are canned with subsequent sterilization of the containers.
The Orlovchanin variety is suitable for making preserves, jams, drinks, and various desserts. Apricots can also be dried for the winter, increasing the shelf life of the fruit many times over.
Resistance to diseases and pests
The Orlovchanin variety is sensitive to fungal infections. The exception is klyasterosporiosis. This disease is very rare among representatives of the variety.
Like other types of apricots, Orlovchanin can be affected by pests. Therefore, the agricultural technology of such a crop involves the implementation of preventive measures.
Advantages and disadvantages
The selection of apricots for planting on the site is carried out taking into account numerous criteria. The Orlovchanin variety is characterized by many advantages, which should be taken into account when choosing.
The main advantages of the variety:
- high yield rates;
- ease of tree care;
- resistance to cold, drought;
- small height of the tree, which simplifies harvesting;
- possibility of cultivation in any region;
- excellent taste of the fruit.
The main disadvantage of Orlovchanin apricots is their susceptibility to fungal diseases. The yield of the variety may decrease if flower buds freeze in the spring.
Landing Features
To get a good harvest, you must follow the Oryol apricot growing technology. The initial stage is the correct planting of the fruit crop on the site.
Recommended timing
In the southern regions, apricots can be planted both in spring and autumn. For the middle zone, winter planting is recommended.
In autumn, the Orlovchanin apricot is planted in September or early October
The main condition is that at least 1 month must pass from the moment of planting before the first frost so that the plant has time to adapt.
Choosing a suitable location
For the Orlovchanin apricot, you need a site that is well illuminated by sunlight. The plant does not tolerate shade well. It is also not recommended to plant a tree in partial shade.
The soil for a fruit tree should be light and well-drained. For Orlovchanin apricot, slightly acidic sandy loam or loamy soils are best suited. Groundwater should not lie close to the roots to eliminate the risk of flooding during heavy rainfall.
What crops can and cannot be planted next to apricots?
The Orlovchanin variety can be planted in one area next to other plants. However, not all crops can be planted.
Next to apricot you can plant:
- pears;
- quince;
- plums;
- viburnum;
- persimmon;
- mulberries;
- cherries;
- cherry;
- nut;
- cherry plum
It is strictly not recommended to plant currant and raspberry bushes next to apricots. Apple trees and conifers are also an undesirable neighborhood for an Oryol resident.
Selection and preparation of planting material
Seedlings are purchased in specialized stores or nurseries. When choosing, you need to inspect the young plant and make sure there are no defects.
Optimal characteristics of the seedling:
- age from 1 to 2 years;
- height – up to 2 m;
- the presence of at least 2 strong shoots;
- strong, well-developed root system with a large number of shoots;
- no damage to the bark or signs of rot.
It is best to purchase seedlings whose roots are immersed in a ball of earth. If they are open, then such a plant needs to be planted in the ground as quickly as possible.
Landing algorithm
When planting a plant in open ground, you need to follow simple instructions. Failure to comply with planting technology can lead to the fact that the Oryol apricot will grow slowly and produce a poor harvest.
Landing method:
- Prepare a planting hole 60 cm deep.
- Fill 1/3 with a mixture of fertile loose soil and compost.
- A wooden stake 1.5 m high is placed in the center of the pit as a support.
- Place the seedling, straighten the roots, and fill the space between them with soil.
- Fill the hole with soil mixture so that the root collar is 2-3 cm above the surface.
- Tie the seedling to a support.
- Pour in 2-3 buckets of settled water.
On the north side, the apricot should be protected from strong winds
In the first few weeks after planting, the plant needs a lot of liquid. Therefore, watering is carried out every 2-3 days.
Apricot aftercare
In spring, the tree needs to be pruned, removing dried branches and pieces of bark. If necessary, remove the top of the crown to stimulate the growth of new shoots. This pruning is carried out every 2 years.
Apricot Orlovchanin does not need regular watering. The liquid is applied once in April before flowering begins.
When ripe, water again. After this, the plant is left without liquid until autumn. The last watering is carried out in early October so that the roots of the plant have time to become saturated with moisture before wintering.
The Orlovchanin variety responds well to fertilizing. Fertilizer is applied for the first time in the spring at the beginning of warming. The tree is sprayed with urea solutions.
The second feeding is root feeding. Superphosphate and ammonium nitrate are added.Fertilizers are given again before and after flowering.
Diseases and pests
You can often see a photo of an Orlovchanin apricot affected by a fungus. The plant is sensitive to infections. Therefore, proper prevention of diseases and treatment if they occur is required.
The main diseases of apricot:
- cytosporosis;
- bacterial necrosis;
- apricot burn;
- phyllosticosis.
When signs of disease appear, affected apricot shoots should be removed to prevent the infection from spreading. The tree is sprayed with a complex fungicide or copper sulfate. Bleach is considered an effective antifungal agent.
The appearance of brown spots on the leaves is the main sign of phyllosticosis
Common pests of Orlovchanin apricot:
- aphid;
- leaf roller;
- codling moth;
- American butterfly;
- spider mite
Affected fruits must be collected and disposed of. For preventive purposes, it is necessary to remove old bark from the tree. In winter, the soil around the plant is dug up so that the larvae die from the cold. The most effective method of pest control is the use of insecticides.
Conclusion
The description of the apricot variety Orlovchanin contains comprehensive information about this fruit crop. Such information will help gardeners when planting and caring for plants. If you follow simple rules of agricultural technology, the Orlovchanin variety gives a good harvest. Therefore, this variety is considered one of the best for home cultivation.
