Where does fir grow?

The fir looks like a skillfully crafted craft - a symmetrical crown with clear contours, even branches, identical needles. The needles are almost thornless, pleasant to the touch, very beautiful and fragrant. Fir shoots are readily used by florists, not only for making bouquets, but also when decorating premises for celebrations.

The economic importance of the breed is also great: the wood is lumber and is used to make paper; medicines are made from needles and cones. The needles contain essential oils used in medicine and the perfume industry. Traditional healers consider resin a universal natural substitute for antibiotics.

What does a fir tree look like?

Abies or Fir belongs to gymnosperms from the Pine family (Pinaceae). The genus includes, according to various sources, from 48 to 55 species, often very similar to each other to such an extent that only a specialist can distinguish them.

From a distance, the plant can be mistaken for spruce, but in fact, fir in the Pine family is closest to cedar. Even an ordinary fan of conifers will definitely pay attention to the cones growing upward, which is typical for the genera Abies and Cedrus.

Young trees form a regular conical or spire-shaped crown. With age, it becomes somewhat deformed, becoming wider, flattened or rounded. All types of fir trees are quite homogeneous and similar to each other, they have one straight trunk that can bend slightly only at high altitudes.

The branching is very dense. The shoots grow strictly in a spiral, making one revolution per year. This way you can even determine the exact age of a fir without cutting down the tree to count the rings. The branches are located in a horizontal plane, close to the ground, in contact with which they are able to take root. Then a new tree grows next to the old fir.

On young trunks and branches, the bark is smooth, thin, and penetrated with resin passages that form nodules. From the outside they can be detected by noticeable bulges. In old trees, the bark cracks and becomes thick.

The tap root goes deep into the ground.

How tall is the fir

The height of an adult fir tree ranges from 10 to 80 m, and depends not only on the species. Plants will never reach maximum size:

• in culture;
• in case of poor environmental conditions in the region;
• high in the mountains.

It is noteworthy that for the first 10 years the crop grows very slowly, then the pace increases noticeably.The tree increases in size until the end of its life.

The diameter of the crown of a fir growing alone in an open place is usually (but not always) more than 1/3, but less than 1/2 of the height. But in nature, the crop often forms dense, dark forests where trees are located close to each other. There the crown will be much narrower.

The trunk diameter can range from 0.5 to 4 m.

Location and length of fir needles

When identifying species, one of the distinguishing features is the size and location of fir needles. What is common to all is that the needles are single, flat, arranged in a spiral, with two white stripes on the underside. They are dark green and glossy on top.

The tips of the needles can be blunt or jagged, and the shape is lanceolate. The needles reach a length of 15 to 35 mm with a width of 1-1.5 mm, rarely up to 3 mm. When rubbed, they emit a pleasant aroma.

The needles last on a tree for 5 years or more (on average from 5 to 15 seasons), the longest for the Sweet Fir (Abies amabilis). According to the American Gymnosperm Database, this species does not lose its needles until it is 53 years old.

By and large, the fastening of needles on a tree can be divided into three large types, although, in fact, they are still located in a spiral.

In addition, the location of the needles on the shoots depends on many factors, namely:

• fir species;
• needle age;
• degree of illumination of shoots.

But amateur gardeners need to know what needles may look like, because in regions where this crop is rarely grown, they have doubts about the ancestry of the tree. Owners of private plots often complain: “I bought a fir tree, but it’s unclear what grew, its needles should be positioned differently.” So:

1. The needles point upward, like the bristles of a toothbrush.
   
2. The needles are attached in a circle (actually in a spiral), like a brush.
   
3. The needles are located symmetrically on the branch, like on a double-sided comb. Most often, such needles are formed on the side shoots.
   

Different needles can grow on one tree. Located inside the crown or on lower, light-deprived branches, the needles will in any case differ from the apical, well-lit ones, and young ones will differ from mature ones. When identifying species, they always focus on adult needles.

When the needles fall, they leave a clearly visible mark on the shoot, similar to a convex disk.

How fir blooms

Fir begins to bear fruit in dark forests at 60 or 70 years of age. Single trees growing in an open sunny place bloom twice as early.

Male pollen cones are solitary, but grow in large dense groups on last year's shoots and open in the spring. After release, the pollen quickly falls off, leaving yellowish convex marks on the branches.

Female flowers are reddish-violet or green, solitary, located only on the upper part of the crown. They are directed upward, growing on branches that appeared last season.

What do fir cones look like?

Fir is a coniferous tree with cones located strictly vertically. They ripen in one season and look very decorative.

Photo of fir with cones

The size, shape and density of fir cones depend on the species. They can be resinous or not very resinous, from ovoid-oblong to cylindrical or fusiform. The length of the cones varies between 5-20 cm; young ones can be purple, greenish, reddish, but by the end of the season they turn brown.

As the winged seeds mature, the scales become woody and fall off. Only the axis of the cone remains on the tree, looking like a giant thorn. This is best seen in the photo.

Where does fir grow in Russia and in the world?

Fir is common in Europe, North America and Africa. On the Asian continent it grows in Southern China, the Himalayas, and Taiwan.

Only Siberian Fir from Russia and Balsam Fir from North America live on plains or low hills. The range of the rest of the genus is limited to mountain ranges located in temperate and subtropical climates.

Russia is home to 10 species of fir, the most common of which is Siberian fir, the only one of the genus that extends beyond the Arctic Circle in the lower reaches of the Yenisei. The relict Nordmann is found in the Caucasus; the Belokoraya range is spread out in the mountains of Northern China, the Far East and Korea. Listed in the Red Book, Graceful or Kamchatskaya is limited to the territory of the Kronotsky Nature Reserve (15-20 hectares).

How does fir grow?

Unlike most coniferous crops, fir is demanding in terms of growing conditions. Most species are quite thermophilic, and some do not tolerate frost at all. Only firs growing in the taiga zone are relatively resistant to low temperatures, but they cannot be compared with other conifers in this regard.

The crop is demanding on soil fertility, needs protection from strong winds, but is extremely shade-tolerant. It does not tolerate drought or waterlogging. The species tree will not grow in megacities or where there is any air or groundwater pollution. The varieties are more hardy.

How many years does a fir live?

The average lifespan of species of fir is considered to be 300-500 years. The oldest tree whose age is officially confirmed is Abies amabilis growing in Baker-Snoqualmie National Park (Washington), it is 725 years old.

Description of fir varieties with photos

Although the culture is considered quite homogeneous, a description of the most common types and varieties of fir with photos will be useful for amateur gardeners. This way they will be able to become better acquainted with the Abies genus and, if necessary, choose a tree to grow on the site.

Balsam fir

The species grows in Canada and the northern United States. Forms mixed coniferous forests with hemlocks, spruces, pines and deciduous trees. Abies balsamea is most often located in the lowlands, but sometimes rises into the mountains to an altitude of no more than 2500 m.

Balsam fir forms a slender tree 15-25 m high with a trunk 50-80 cm in diameter. The crown is regular, rather narrow, conical or narrow pyramidal.

In isolated trees, the branches descend to the ground and take root. Several young plants grow next to the mature fir, which looks quite impressive.

The grayish-brown bark is smooth, covered with large resinous tubercles. The buds are round, highly resinous. The needles are fragrant, dark green at the top, silver underneath, 1.5-3.5 cm long, live 5 years.

The tree begins to bear fruit after 20-30 years and produces a good harvest every 2-3 years. The cones are highly resinous, 5-10 cm long, 2-2.5 cm thick, purple. They ripen, turn brown and fall off usually in September-October. The seeds are winged, 5-8 mm in size, brown with a purple tint.

The species is shade-tolerant and relatively resistant to air pollution. Balsam fir, unlike other species, has a weak root system and can suffer from wind damage. The tree lives 150 to 200 years and overwinters without shelter in zone 3.

Closely related to Balsam Fir is Abies fraseri (Fraser), which some botanists do not consider to be an independent species. It grows slightly lower, is winter-hardy in zone 4, is highly susceptible to pests, but is very beautiful.

Siberian fir

In Russia, the species is a forest-forming species for Western Siberia, Altai, Buryatia, Yakutia, and the Urals. Abies siberica grows in the European part in the east and northeast. Distributed in China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia. It grows both in the mountains, rising to 2400 m above sea level, and in river valleys.

Siberian fir is considered the hardiest species, and can withstand frosts down to -50° C. It tolerates shade well and rarely lives longer than 200 years due to wood rotting.

Forms a slender tree 30-35 m tall, trunk diameter 50-100 cm and conical crown. The bark is smooth, greenish-gray to gray-brown, with noticeable resinous blisters.

The needles are from 2 to 3 cm long and 1.5 mm wide, the outer side is green, with two whitish stripes at the bottom, lives 7-10 years. The needles have a strong aroma.

Seed cones are cylindrical, 5-9.5 cm long, 2.5-3.5 cm thick. As it ripens, the color changes from bluish to brown.The seeds, about 7 mm in size, are equipped with a wing of the same size or twice as large.

Korean fir

The species was found on Jeju Island, now part of South Korea, in 1907. There Abies koreana grows in the mountains at an altitude of 1000-1900 m, in a warm climate with high rainfall throughout the year.

The species stands out for its rather moderate growth - 9-18 m, a thick trunk, the diameter of which reaches 1-2 m, and high-quality wood. In addition, it is a valuable ornamental crop that has produced many beautiful varieties, including low-growing ones.

The bark of the tree is rough, yellowish in youth, covered with fine hair, and over time acquires a purple tint. The buds are resinous, oval, from chestnut to red. The needles are thick, bright green above, bluish-white below, 1-2 cm long, 2-3 mm wide.

Oval cones with a blunt top appear very early - at 7-8 years. At first they are colored bluish-gray, then become purple-violet, and when ripe they turn brown. They reach a length of 5-7 cm with a width of 2.5-4 cm.

The frost resistance limit is zone 5, resistance to urban conditions is low. Korean fir lives from 50 to 150 years.

Nordmann fir

There are two subspecies of Abies nordmanniana, which some botanists tend to consider as separate species:

• Caucasian fir (Abies nordmanniana subsp. Nordmanniana), growing west of 36° east longitude, is distinguished by pubescent shoots;
• Turkish fir (Abies nordmanniana subsp. equi-trojani), living east of 36° east. etc., which is characterized by bare branches.

It grows at an altitude of 1200-2000 m and forms pure fir forests, or is adjacent to aspen, oriental spruce, maple, and rowan.

It is a coniferous tree up to 60 m high with a trunk diameter reaching 1-2 m. The gray bark is smooth, with oval marks left by fallen branches. Young branches are yellow-green, smooth or pubescent, depending on the subspecies.

The species grows relatively quickly. The buds do not contain resin. The needles, dark green above and silver below, up to 4 cm long, stay on the tree for 9-13 years. The cones are oval-cylindrical, large, 12-20 cm long, 4-5 cm wide, initially greenish, becoming brown when ripe.

The description of the Nordmann fir tree cannot convey its beauty - this species is considered one of the most decorative, but varieties are more often used in culture. Winters in zone 5 and lives 500 years.

The tree has a powerful root system and is resistant to wind.

Whitebark fir

In Russia, the species Abies nephrolepis is distributed in the Amur region, the Jewish Autonomous Region, the Primorsky Territory and in the south of Khabarovsk. Whitebark Fir is also native to northeast China, North and South Korea. The trees grow at an altitude of 500-700 m above sea level in the north of the range; along the southern ridges they climb up to 750-2000 m.

It forms a tree with a narrow conical crown, about 30 m high, with a trunk diameter of 35-50 cm. The species received its name due to its silver-gray smooth bark, which darkens with age. The trunk is covered with resin-filled nodules.

The needles are flat, pointed at the end, 1-3 cm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, dark green above, with two whitish stomatal stripes below.The needles are arranged in a spiral, but twisted at the base so that the visual effect of a double-sided comb is created.

The usual length of seed cones is 4.5-7 cm, width up to 3 cm. When young they are green or purple, when ripe they become gray-brown. The buds are often (but not always) resinous.

The species is shade-tolerant, resistant to low temperatures, trees live 150-180 years.

White fir

The species is often called European or Scots Fir. The range is located in the mountains of central and southern Europe, extending from the Pyrenees to Normandy to the north, including the Alps and Carpathians, southern Italy, northern Serbia. Abies alba grows at altitudes from 300 to 1700 m.

It is a large coniferous tree with a height of about 40-50, in exceptional cases up to 60 m. The trunk measured at chest height has a diameter of up to 1.5 m.

The plant forms a cone-shaped crown, which rounds off with age and becomes almost cylindrical, with a blunt, nest-like tip. The bark is smooth, gray, sometimes with a reddish tint, and cracks with age in the lower part of the trunk.

The needles are 2-3 cm long, 2 mm wide, blunt, dark green in the upper part, on the back side there are two clearly visible white stripes. Lives 6-9 years. The buds are ovoid, usually without resin.

The cones are resinous. They appear on the tree after 20-50 years, rather large, oval-cylindrical, with a blunt apex, young ones are green, turning dark brown when ripe. The length of the cones reaches 10-16 cm, thickness - 3-4 cm.

The species is shade-tolerant and very sensitive to air pollution. The tree lives 300-400 years, winters in zone 5.

Fir Vicha

This species should be highlighted because Abies veitchii is more resistant to air pollution than others and has increased requirements for illumination. Vicha fir grows on the Japanese island of Honshu, where it climbs into the mountains at 1600-1900 m.

The tree grows relatively quickly even at a young age, reaches a height of 30-40 m, and forms a loose pyramidal crown. The branches are located in a horizontal plane, the bark is grayish, smooth even in old age.

The needles are thick, soft, curved, up to 2.5 cm long, 2 mm wide. The needles growing inside the crown are shorter and straighter than those located outside. The color is similar to that of other species - the upper side is dark green, the reverse side appears silvery due to two white stripes.

Cylindrical, slightly tapering at the top, the cones are purple-violet when young, turning brown when ripe. Their length reaches 4-7 cm. The seeds are yellowish.

The tree lives 200-300 years and winters in zone three.

Fir Unicolor

One of the most decorative species is Abies concolor, growing along the Pacific coast of western North America at an altitude of 700-2000 m. In the Rocky Mountains, plants climb to 2400-3000 m.

The species is a tree 40-50 m tall with a trunk diameter of 1-1.5 m. By the age of 10 it stretches up to 2.2 m. The crown is symmetrical, beautiful, cone-shaped, with low-growing horizontal branches. Only at the end of life does it become rarefied.

The ash-gray bark is thick and covered with cracks. Resinous buds are spherical.

Single-color fir got its name due to the uniform color of its needles - matte, bluish-green on both sides. The needles are soft and narrow, 1.5-6 cm long, and have a strong aroma.

Single-color fir bears fruit once every 3 years.The cones are oval-cylindrical, 8-15 cm long and 3-4.5 cm thick. Their color changes from olive green to dark purple, becoming brown after ripening.

This is the most sun-loving species, tolerates air smoke well, and lives up to 350 years. Overwinters in zone 4. The root system is powerful, the tree is not afraid of wind.

The species is very popular in landscape design. As you can see in the photo, fir has blue, evenly colored needles, and this color has always been valued among conifers.

The best varieties of fir for the Moscow region

Although fir is considered a heat-loving crop, choosing a suitable variety for the Moscow region is not difficult. In order not to create unnecessary problems for yourself, you need to choose trees that can winter in zone 4 or less without shelter.

Dwarf fir varieties for the Moscow region can be planted with less resistance to low temperatures - they can be easily protected from the cold. But there is no particular point in this - the choice is already great, you just need to take a close look at the trees, and not limit yourself to the first garden center you come across.

Fir White Green Spiral

An old variety obtained from a mutated branch in 1916 by an Asheville (North Carolina) nursery. Abies alba Green Spiral received the name Green Spiral only in 1979, having previously been sold under the name Tortuosa.

The Green Spiral variety is a semi-dwarf coniferous tree with a “crying” crown. Forms a strong central conductor, around which lateral shoots are arranged in a spiral, bending and drooping.

Fir reproduces only by grafting; the shape of the crown and the height of the tree depend on its height, pruning, and the presence or absence of support. The maximum length of the main conductor is 9 m; by the age of 10, without trimming, it can reach 4 m.

The needles are short, dense, green, silvery underneath. Frost resistance – zone 4.

Photo of a fir tree with a drooping crown of the Green Spiral variety

Fir Unicolor Blue Clock

A very beautiful, Christmas tree-like variety of blue fir, Abies concolor Blue Cloak, has gained enormous popularity, but its origins are unclear. It is believed that the seedling of a unique shape and color was selected in the late 90s of the last century by employees of the University of Michigan.

The single-color Blue Klok fir grows quickly, adding 20 cm each season starting from a young age. At 10 years, the height of the tree reaches 2 m with a width of 1.3 m.

The crown shape is very similar to a classic spruce. From a strong straight trunk shoots that are slightly raised at the ends, curved in an arc, or gently sagging in the middle part. The needles are thin, soft, pale blue.

The tree should be planted in a sunny location with good drainage. The variety Blue Cloak overwinters without shelter in the fourth frost resistance zone.

Fraser Fir Kline's Nest

Some biologists would classify the compact Abies fraseri Klein's Nest as a balsam fir, since the question of whether Fraser's species is independent remains open. The variety was introduced to the public by the Pennsylvania nursery Raraflora in 1970.

This fir is remarkable because it grows small but produces cones. This only adds decorative value to an already attractive tree. The variety grows slowly, adding 6-10 cm per year, and by the age of 10 it reaches a maximum of 1 m in height with a crown diameter of 60 cm.

The needles of the Klein's Nest variety are glossy green, noticeably shorter than those of the species tree, and the cones are purple. Grows without shelter in zone 4.

Korean fir Silberlock

The name of the dwarf variety Abies koreana Silberlocke is translated as Silver Locks. He was bred by Gunther Horstmann from Germany in 1979. The correct name of the variety is Horstmanns Silberlocke, as its creator insists, but the abbreviated name has stuck and is used by many nurseries.

Silverlock is an amazingly beautiful Korean fir. The needles curl toward the top of the shoot, exposing the silvery underside of the flat needles. The annual growth is 10-15 cm.

On an adult tree, the needles curl less, but still bend a little, revealing the silvered underside of the needles. Silverlock fir forms a conical, symmetrical crown. The variety overwinters in zone 4 without shelter.

Siberian fir Liptovsky Hradok

The spherical fir Abies sibirica Liptovsky Hradok is a relatively new variety, created from a witch’s broom found by Edwin Smith’s nursery (Netherlands) in 2009. Today it remains quite rare and expensive, as it can only be propagated by grafting. Why the Siberian fir variety, created by a Dutch breeder, is named after a city from Slovakia, even catalog compilers are perplexed.

Liptovsky Hradok forms a compact, irregular crown, which for some reason is called spherical. It is impossible to create a ball out of it without pruning, which, by the way, fir trees do not tolerate very well. But the tree is already charming and invariably attracts attention.

Fir is decorated not only with short, unequal-length light green needles, but also with large, round, light brown buds. The variety is considered one of the most winter-hardy and miniature - at 10 years it barely reaches a size of 30 cm, and overwinters in zone 2 without shelter.

The Lithuanian Hradok fir suffers greatly from the heat; it is not recommended to plant it in zone 6. In zone 5, you should choose a place protected from the sun and drying wind.

Dwarf fir varieties

Low-growing varieties of fir are traditionally in high demand. They can be placed even in the smallest garden, and on a large plot, tiny trees usually decorate the front area. Since fir is a large plant, the height of which is estimated at tens of meters, real dwarfs are obtained exclusively from witches' brooms and propagated by grafting. Therefore, such trees are expensive, and you can search for the variety you like on sale for a long time.

Nordmann fir Berlin

From a witch's broom found in 1989, German breeder Günther Eschrich developed the variety Abies nordmannniana Berlin. Often the word Dailem or Dalheim is added to the name, indicating the place of origin of the tree, but this is incorrect. Fans should know that this is the same variety.

Berlin is a true dwarf fir with a flattened spherical crown. The branching is multi-layered, dense, the needles are short and rigid. The upper part of the needles is green, the lower part is silver.

The annual growth is about 5 cm; in 10 years the fir will reach a height of 30 cm with a width of 60 cm. The variety is suitable for growing in full sun and can withstand urban conditions satisfactorily. Berlin fir overwinters in zone 4.

White Pygmy Fir

An extremely attractive dwarf variety of white fir, apparently derived from a witch's broom, the origin of which is unknown. Abies alba Pygmy was first described in the 1990 catalog of the Dutch nursery Wiel Linssen.

White Pygmy fir forms a more or less rounded crown with green and shiny needles at the top, silvery at the bottom.Since the branches are raised upward, an interesting visual effect is created, which is clearly visible in the photo.

The annual growth is 2.5 cm or less; by the age of 10, the fir forms a ball, the diameter of which, at best, is about 30 cm. The variety overwinters in the fourth zone.

Balsam fir Bear Swamp

The tiny, pretty balsam fir received this name because of the place where the witch’s broom, which gave rise to the variety, was found. The creator of the cultivar, the famous American breeder Greg Williams, claims that Abies balsamea Bear Swamp is one of his best varieties.

Balsam fir Bear Swam first forms a rounded crown. Over time, the tree stretches and gradually the contours become conical. The needles are dark green and short.

The Bear Swamp fir variety is a real gnome, growing extremely slowly. Over the course of a year, the size of the tree increases by 2.5 cm. At 10 years, the height and diameter reach 30 cm.

Fir can be grown without shelter for the winter in zone 3.

Fir Wicha Kramer

The variety was created from the witch's broom by the German nursery Kramer, after which it was named. Abies veitchii Kramer is propagated only by grafting and is a tiny, symmetrical tree.

Fir growth is only 5 cm per season. At 10 years old, the tree reaches a height of 40 cm and a width of 30 cm. Young needles are light green, decorated with white stripes on the reverse side; by the end of summer they darken a little, but not as much as those of the species Vicha fir.

The variety is quite winter-hardy in zone 3.

Siberian fir Lukash

A miniature Polish variety of fir, created from a mutated seedling, and not like most dwarfs, by cloning a witch's broom. Authorship belongs to Andrzej Potrzebowski.The Siberian fir Lukasz was released for sale by the nursery of Janusz Szewczyk.

Experts believe that the variety is similar in structure to the famous Canadian Konika spruce. Fir forms a very dense tree with a conical narrow crown and shoots directed upward at an acute angle to the trunk.

The needles are hard, light green. At 10 years old, the tree reaches a height of 1 m with a crown diameter of 50 cm. The Siberian fir variety Lukash is characterized by high winter hardiness and is intended for zone 2.

Features of planting and caring for fir

Fir is a more demanding crop than most conifers. It grows on fertile soils and does not tolerate waterlogging or drying out of the soil. When looking for a place for a tree, you need to pay attention to how much light it needs, focusing on the description of the variety, and not just the type.

Not all firs can withstand wind damage, but the description of the varieties does not say this. So it is better to place the tree in a protected place, especially if it is tall or medium-sized.

When planting fir, drainage is of great importance. If it is not placed at the bottom of the hole in a layer of at least 20 cm, this will most likely lead to the death of the tree. Approximate composition of soil mixture for fir:

• leaf humus;
• clay;
• peat;
• sand.

The ratio of components is 3:2:1:1.

In addition, 250-300 g of nitroammophoska and a bucket of rotted sawdust are added to each planting hole. Fresh ones will lead to the death of the fir - they will begin to rot right in the ground and burn the root. If there are no sawdust, you need to get them. Or plant another crop. Of course, rotted sawdust can be replaced with exhausted high-moor peat, but it still needs to be found; ordinary peat will not work. Coconut fiber or sphagnum moss will do, but it will be too expensive.

The fir also needs to be watered regularly, but not to the point of waterlogging, fed, and mulched. Only young trees planted this or last season are covered for the winter.

Trees between 5 and 10 years old take root best. These are the seedlings that most often go on sale.

The most common cause of death of fir trees is insufficient care, overwatering and air pollution. Although this culture is considered unpretentious, it is actually very sensitive.

Among the pests it is worth highlighting:

• fir moth;
• Siberian silkworm;
• butterfly Nun;
• spruce-fir hermes.

Fir, especially North American species or varieties derived from them, suffers greatly from temperature changes day and night. In the worst case, it can even lead to the death of the tree.

Interesting facts about fir

The bark of the culture is used to make balsam, and the needles and young branches are used to make fir oil.

Freshly cut branches contain so many phytoncides that they can destroy microbes in the room.

The aroma of fir is strong, but not at all similar to spruce.

The branches make excellent bath brooms.

In times of famine, they crushed the bark and baked bread - it was not very tasty or nutritious, but it allowed them to survive.

Fir is easily propagated by layering. Often the branches simply lie on the ground and take root.

The culture grows in Siberia, the Far East and the Urals, but is rarely found in central Russia.

There is practically no undergrowth in fir forests, since the branches of the main species begin to grow very low.

The Trojan Horse was made from Cephalinian Fir.

It is believed that the branches of this tree protect against witchcraft and help the dead in the other world.

Conclusion

Fir looks majestic and has many excellent varieties. Particularly attractive in cultivation is the symmetrical crown, beautiful, as if artificial needles, and purple or green cones directed vertically upward. The spread of fir is limited only by low resistance to anthropogenic pollution.

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